爬虫实战四、PyCharm+Scrapy爬取数据并存入MySQL

注意：此博客衔接爬虫实战三、PyCharm搭建Scrapy开发调试环境，参考此博客之前请详细阅读爬虫实战三、PyCharm搭建Scrapy开发调试环境

#一、创建爬虫项目

注意：不能直接使用PyCharm创建Scrapy项目，所以需要在爬虫实战三、PyCharm搭建Scrapy开发调试环境的基础（PyCharm配置完Scrapy）之上，选中mySpider项目，点击PyCharm中下方的Terminal，进入对应的命令行，执行命令创建doubanSpider项目

scrapy startproject doubanSpider

进入命令行。

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创建项目。

图片.png

#二、创建爬虫并编写代码

爬虫项目生成后，进入项目路径。

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执行命令创建douban爬虫

scrapy genspider douban "movie.douban.com"

###2-1、编写items.py

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

# Define here the models for your scraped items
#
# See documentation in:
# https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/items.html

import scrapy


class DoubanspiderItem(scrapy.Item):
    # 电影标题
    title = scrapy.Field()

    # 电影信息
    info = scrapy.Field()

    # 电影评分
    score = scrapy.Field()

    # 评分人数
    number = scrapy.Field()

    # 简介
    content = scrapy.Field()

###2-2、编写spiders/douban.py

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import scrapy
from doubanSpider.items import DoubanspiderItem


class DoubanSpider(scrapy.Spider):
    name = "douban"

    allowed_domains = ["movie.douban.com"]

    start = 0

    url = 'https://movie.douban.com/top250?start='

    end = '&filter='

    start_urls = [url + str(start) + end]

    def parse(self, response):

        item = DoubanspiderItem()

        movies = response.xpath("//div[@class=\'info\']")

        for movie in movies:

            name = movie.xpath('div[@class="hd"]/a/span/text()').extract()

            message = movie.xpath('div[@class="bd"]/p/text()').extract()

            star = movie.xpath('div[@class="bd"]/div[@class="star"]/span[@class="rating_num"]/text()').extract()

            number = movie.xpath('div[@class="bd"]/div[@class="star"]/span/text()').extract()

            quote = movie.xpath('div[@class="bd"]/p[@class="quote"]/span/text()').extract()

            if quote:
                quote = quote[0]
            else:
                quote = ''

            item['title'] = ''.join(name)
            item['info'] = quote
            item['score'] = star[0]
            item['content'] = ';'.join(message).replace(' ', '').replace('\n', '')
            item['number'] = number[1].split('人')[0]

            # 提交item
            yield item

        if self.start <= 225:
            self.start += 25
            yield scrapy.Request(self.url + str(self.start) + self.end, callback=self.parse)

###2-3、编写pipelines.py

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

# Define your item pipelines here
#
# Don't forget to add your pipeline to the ITEM_PIPELINES setting
# See: https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/item-pipeline.html


from pymysql import cursors
from twisted.enterprise import adbapi
import time
import copy


class DoubanspiderPipeline(object):

    # 初始化函数
    def __init__(self, db_pool):
        self.db_pool = db_pool

    # 从settings配置文件中读取参数
    @classmethod
    def from_settings(cls, settings):
        # 用一个db_params接收连接数据库的参数
        db_params = dict(
            host=settings['MYSQL_HOST'],
            user=settings['MYSQL_USER'],
            password=settings['MYSQL_PASSWORD'],
            port=settings['MYSQL_PORT'],
            database=settings['MYSQL_DBNAME'],
            charset=settings['MYSQL_CHARSET'],
            use_unicode=True,
            # 设置游标类型
            cursorclass=cursors.DictCursor
        )
        # 创建连接池
        db_pool = adbapi.ConnectionPool('pymysql', **db_params)

        # 返回一个pipeline对象
        return cls(db_pool)

    # 处理item函数
    def process_item(self, item, spider):

        # 对象拷贝，深拷贝  --- 这里是解决数据重复问题！！！
        asynItem = copy.deepcopy(item)

        # 把要执行的sql放入连接池
        query = self.db_pool.runInteraction(self.insert_into, asynItem)

        # 如果sql执行发送错误,自动回调addErrBack()函数
        query.addErrback(self.handle_error, item, spider)

        # 返回Item
        return item

    # 处理sql函数
    def insert_into(self, cursor, item):
        # 创建sql语句
        sql = "INSERT INTO movie (title,info,score,number,content,createtime) VALUES ('{}','{}','{}','{}','{}','{}')".format(
            item['title'], item['info'], item['score'], item['number'], item['content'],
            time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", time.localtime()))
        # 执行sql语句
        cursor.execute(sql)
        # 错误函数

    def handle_error(self, failure, item, spider):
        # #输出错误信息
        print("failure", failure)

###2-4、编写settings.py

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-


BOT_NAME = 'doubanSpider'

SPIDER_MODULES = ['doubanSpider.spiders']
NEWSPIDER_MODULE = 'doubanSpider.spiders'


# Obey robots.txt rules
ROBOTSTXT_OBEY = True


USER_AGENT = 'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_11_3) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/48.0.2564.116 Safari/537.36'


# Configure item pipelines
# See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/item-pipeline.html
ITEM_PIPELINES = {
    'doubanSpider.pipelines.DoubanspiderPipeline': 300
}


# 连接数据MySQL
# 数据库地址
MYSQL_HOST = 'localhost'
# 数据库用户名:
MYSQL_USER = 'root'
# 数据库密码
MYSQL_PASSWORD = 'root'
# 数据库端口
MYSQL_PORT = 3306
# 数据库名称
MYSQL_DBNAME = 'mydb'
# 数据库编码
MYSQL_CHARSET = 'utf8'

###在创建爬虫并编写代码时遇到的坑

#####坑1、Unresolved reference ‘xxx’ 或者显示 scrapy No module named ×××.items

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#####坑1、解决办法

将爬虫项目的文件夹类型改为Sources Root

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#####坑2、连接MySQL时缺少pymysql

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#####坑2、解决办法

点击File-> Settings->Project: mySpider->Project Interpreter，导入pymysql包。具体添加包的流程参考爬虫实战三、PyCharm搭建Scrapy开发调试环境。

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#三、使用Pycharm连接MySQL数据库

连接MySQL的工具有很多，Pycharm本身也可以连接MySQL和其他多种数据库，并且提示功能比较强大，这里我使用Pycharm连接MySQL数据库。

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选择数据库类型，MySQL

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设置连接别名，主机，数据库，用户名，密码。

TIM截图20190215172302.png

设置完毕，连接MySQL。

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#四、创建爬虫项目对应的表以及执行爬虫。

###4-1、创建表

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创建movie表，注意 default charset = utf8 此处要和爬虫程序编码一致，否则存入到MySQL失败。

drop table movie;

CREATE TABLE `movie`
(
  `id`         int(100) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `title`      varchar(2048) DEFAULT NULL,
  `info`       varchar(2048) DEFAULT NULL,
  `score`      varchar(2048) DEFAULT NULL,
  `number`     varchar(2048) DEFAULT NULL,
  `content`    varchar(2048) DEFAULT NULL,
  `createtime` varchar(2048) DEFAULT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) engine = InnoDB
  default charset = utf8;

###4-2、执行爬虫

在爬虫项目对应的命令行中执行命令，运行爬虫