前言

1. 本系列文章来源于真实的需求
2. 本系列文章你来提我来做
3. 本系列文章仅供学习参考
4. 阅读人群：有Python基础、Scrapy框架基础

一、需求

• 全站爬取游戏卡牌信息

二、分析

• 查看网页源代码，图片资源是否存在

• 网页源码中，定位下一页url路径

整体思路
1、通过Scrapy框架（中间件随机UA、代理）
2、通过Xpath构造单页爬取
3、通过Xpath定位下一页实现翻页功能

三、处理

初始化Scrapy框架

1. Pycharm创建项目
2. 安装Scrapy第三方库 pip install scrapy==2.5.1
3. 创建项目 scrapy startproject card
4. 进入card目录 cd card
5. 创建爬虫 scrapy genspider get_card shadowverse-portal.com
6. 修改start_urls
   

编写get_card 文件
1、获取标题和图片url
2、翻页功能

python">    def parse(self, response):
        # 获取标题和图片url
        display = response.xpath("//div[@id='displayVisual']")
        for d in display:
            img_url = d.xpath("//img[@class='el-card-visual-image js-card-image lazyload']/@data-src").extract()
            title = d.xpath("//img[@class='el-card-visual-image js-card-image lazyload']/@alt").extract()
            img_url_dict = dict(zip(title, img_url))
            for name, url in img_url_dict.items():
                yield {"url":url}

        # 翻页功能
        page = response.xpath("//div[@class='cards-footer']")
        for p in page:
            page_url = p.xpath("//span[@class='bl-pagination-item is-next']/a/@href").extract_first()
            # print(page_url)
            yield scrapy.Request(url=f"https://shadowverse-portal.com{page_url}",
                                 method="get",
                                 callback=self.parse)

通过管道保存资源，这里自定义方法通过ImagePIPline管道进行保存
1、安装模块 pip install pillow
2、settings配置管道、中间件
3、管道自定义图片下载方法
4、通过中间件实现UA随机

python"># 管道文件 pipelines.py
import scrapy
from scrapy.pipelines.images import ImagesPipeline


class MyTuPipeline(ImagesPipeline):
    # 1. 发送请求
    def get_media_requests(self, item, info):
        url = item['url']
        yield scrapy.Request(url=url, meta={"url": url})  # 直接返回一个请求对象即可

    # 2. 图片的存储路径
    def file_path(self, request, response=None, info=None, *, item=None):
        # 可以准备文件夹
        img_path = "card/"
        # 剔除
        file_path = item['url'].split("?")[0]
        file_name = file_path.split("/")[-1]  # 用item拿到url
        print("item:", file_name)
        real_path = img_path + "/" + file_name  # 文件夹路径拼接
        return real_path  # 返回文件存储路径即可

    # 3. 可能需要对item进行更新
    def item_completed(self, results, item, info):
        for r in results:
            print(r[1]['path'])
        return item  # 一定要return item 把数据传递给下一个管道

python"># setting.py文件
# UA随机
USER_AGENT_LIST = [
    'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/70.0.3538.77 Safari/537.36',
    'Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Ubuntu; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/55.0.2919.83 Safari/537.36',
    'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_8_3) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/54.0.2866.71 Safari/537.36',
    'Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Ubuntu; Linux i686 on x86_64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/53.0.2820.59 Safari/537.36',
    'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_9_2) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/52.0.2762.73 Safari/537.36',
    'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_8_4) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/49.0.2656.18 Safari/537.36',
    'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML like Gecko) Chrome/44.0.2403.155 Safari/537.36',
    'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/41.0.2228.0 Safari/537.36',
    'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_10_1) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/41.0.2227.1 Safari/537.36',
    'Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/41.0.2227.0 Safari/537.36',
    'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/41.0.2227.0 Safari/537.36',
    'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.3; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/41.0.2226.0 Safari/537.36',
    'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.4; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/41.0.2225.0 Safari/537.36',
    'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.3; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/41.0.2225.0 Safari/537.36',
    'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 5.1) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/41.0.2224.3 Safari/537.36',
    'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/40.0.2214.93 Safari/537.36',
    'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_10_1) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/37.0.2062.124 Safari/537.36',
    'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.3; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/37.0.2049.0 Safari/537.36',
    'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 4.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/37.0.2049.0 Safari/537.36',
]

python"># 中间件 middlewares.py
import random
from .settings import USER_AGENT_LIST

.....
	def process_request(self, request, spider):
		ua = random.choice(USER_AGENT_LIST)
	    request.headers["User-Agent"] = ua
.....

四、运行结果

源码下载方式:
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